Towards Dynamic Vertical Urbanism
A novel conceptual approach to develop vertical city using construction robotics, open building principles, and prefabricated modular construction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29173/ijic208Keywords:
Dynamic Vertical Urbanism, modularization, on-site construction factory, Process Information Modeling, Vertical CityAbstract
Nowadays a great number of new developments are claimed in the name of “vertical city”, yet few represent this important characteristic. This paper aims to propose a novel vertical city framework, or in other words, dynamic vertical urbanism, featuring constant vertical urban transformation by applying the state-of-the-art construction technologies. First, successful and unsuccessful precedents of building complexes which inspire this novel concept will be analyzed. In addition, building technologies that are crucial for the implementation of this framework will be introduced. As a result, this vertical city concept has the ability to integrate five basic elements of a city: vertical and horizontal circulation systems as its paths, a flexible building envelope as its edges, variable mix-used functional blocks as its districts, sky bridges and roof gardens as its nodes, and the complex itself as a landmark. More importantly, it can change its size, form and function with the help of construction automation technologies, open building principles, and process information modeling. it can also responsively evolve in accordance with social, economic, and environmental shifts in a self-sufficient manner, meanwhile avoiding the risk of being homogeneous with surrounding buildings. Finally, the complex will perform as a series of interconnected components which act together to form a living organism that provides various functions such as corporate, residential, commercial, academic, medical, legal, and infrastructural. In conclusion, this paper will provide researchers, architects and urban designers with a valuable example for the future vertical city developments and beyond.
References
Chen, M., Liu, W., and Lu, D. (2016). “Challenges and the way forward in China’s new-type urbanization.” Land Use Policy, 55, 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.025
Li, D., Ma, J., Cheng, T., van Genderen, J.L., and Shao, Z. (2019). “Challenges and opportunities for the development of MEGACITIES.” International Journal of Digital Earth, 12(12), 1382–1395. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2018.1512662
Lynch, K. (1960). Image of the City. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lin, Z., and Gamez, J.L.S. (2018). Vertical urbanism: designing compact cities in China. Routledge, London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351206839
Al-Kodmany, K. (2018). “Sustainability and the 21st century vertical city: A review of design approaches of tall buildings.” Buildings, 8(8), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8080102
Akristiniy, V., and Boriskina, Y. (2018). “Vertical cities - The new form of high-rise construction evolution.” Proceedings, E3S Web of Conference, 33(01041), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301041
Rosenfield, K. (2012). “MVRDV proposes 400-meter-tall ‘vertical city’ in Jakarta.” ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/295962/mvrdv-proposes-400-meter-tall-vertical-city-in-jakarta (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Robinson, M. (2016). “Vertical cities could be the future of architecture.” Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/vertical-cities-future-of-architecture-2016-4?IR=T (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Howarth, D. (2013). “OMA completes De Rotterdam ‘vertical city’ complex.” Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2013/11/21/oma-completes-de-rotterdam-vertical-city-complex/ (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Samaratunga, T., and O’Hare, D. (2013). “High density high rise vertical living for low income people in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Learning from Pruitt-Igoe.” Architecture Research, 2(6), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.arch.20120206.03
Ouroussoff, N. (2009). “Future vision banished to the past.” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/arts/design/07capsule.html (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Lin, Z. (2011). “Nakagin capsule tower: Revisiting the future of the recent past.” Journal of Architectural Education, 65(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314X.2011.01158.x
Architectuul (2012). “Fuji TV Headquarters.” Architectuul, http://architectuul.com/architecture/fuji-tv-headquarters (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Follini, C., Hu, R., Pan, W., and Bock, T. (2017). “Collaborative advanced building methodology toward industrialization of informal settlements in Cairo.” Proceedings, 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), 737-743. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2017/0103
Hu, R., Follini, C., Pan, W., Linner, T., and Bock, T. (2017). “A case study on regenerating informal settlements in Cairo using affordable and adaptable building system.” Procedia Engineering, 196(June), 113-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.180
Goettsch Partners. “300 East Randolph.” http://www.gpchicago.com/architecture/300-east-randolph/ (Accessed Jun. 6, 2020).
Skibniewski, M.J., and Zavadskas, E.K. (2013). “Technology development in construction: A continuum from distant past into the future.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(1), 136-147. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.756060
Bock, T. (1990). “Robot oriented design of variable building kits.” Proceedings, 7th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1990/0030
Kendall, S., and Teicher, J. (2000). Residential Open Building. E & FN Spon
Cuperus, Y. (2001). “An introduction to open building.” Proceedings, 9th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC), Singapore, Singapore, Aug. 6-8. http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/137
Kadowaki, K., and Fukao, S. (2001). “Survey of the open building methods in Japan providing for flexibility.” Proceedings, 7th International Conference of CIB W104: Open Building Implementation, 101-114. http://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB11975.pdf
Chien, S.-F., and Wang, H.-J. (2014). “Smart partition system – A room level support system for integrating smart technologies into existing buildings.” Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(4), 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2014.09.002
Habraken, N.J. (2003). “Open building as a condition for industrial construction.” Proceedings, 20th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Eindhoven, Holland, pp. 37-42. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2003/0004
Linner, T., and Bock, T. (2012). “Evolution of large‐scale industrialisation and service innovation in Japanese prefabrication industry.” Construction Innovation, 12(2), 156-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714171211215921
Bock, T., and Linner, T. (2015). Robotic industrialization: automation and robotic technologies for customized component, module, and building prefabrication. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139924153
Maeda, J. (1994). “Development and application of the SMART system.” Proceedings, 11th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Brighton, UK, pp. 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-82044-0.50064-3
Taylor, M., Wamuziri, S., and Smith, I. (2003). “Automated construction in Japan.” Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, 156(1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2003.156.1.34
Bock, T., and Linner, T. (2016). Site automation: Automated/robotic on-site factories. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139872027
Haidu, M. (1997). Network scheduling techniques for construction project management. Springer, Boston, MA, USA.
Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., and Liston, K. (2008). BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Wood, A. (2015).“Rethinking the skyscraper in the ecological age: Design principles for a new high-rise vernacular.” International Journal of High-Rise Buildings, 4(2), 91-101.
Oldfield, P., Trabucco, D., and Wood, A. (2014). Roadmap on the future research needs of tall buildings. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, Chicago, IL, USA.
Cousineau, L., and Miura, N. (1998). Construction robots : The search for new building technology in Japan. ACSE Press, Reston, VA, USA.
Kim, D.-W., An, S.-H., Cho H., Jeong, J.-W., Lee, B.-H., Doh, N.L., and Kang, K.-I. (2009). “Development of conceptual model of construction factory for automated construction.” Building and Environment, 44(8), 1634-1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.10.009
Pan, W. (2013). “Universal Construction System (UCS).” Proceedings, CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2013 Workshop, pp. 25-30. http://site.cibworld.nl/dl/publications/pub_399.pdf
Murray, N., Fernando, T., and Aouad, G. (2003). “A virtual environment for the design and simulated construction of prefabricated buildings”. Virtual Reality, 6(4), 244-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-003-0107-8
Neelamkavil, J. (2009). “Automation in the prefab and modular construction industry.” Proceedings, International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Austin, TX, USA, pp. 299-306. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2009/0018
Wood, A. (2003). “‘Pavements in the sky’: Use of the skybridge in tall buildings.” Proceedings, CTBUH/CIB 2003 Kuala Lumpur Conference, pp. 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135503002264
Morris, A. (2017). “ThyssenKrupp unveils the world’s first sideways-moving elevator system.” Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2017/07/12/thyssenkrupp-unveils-worlds-first-rope-less-sideways-moving-elevator-system-multi/ (Accessed June 6, 2020).
Pan, W., Ilhan, B., and Bock, T. (2018). “Process information modelling (PIM) for public housing construction project in Hong Kong.” Proceedings, Creative Construction Conference 2018 (CCC 2018), 74-81. http://2018.creative-construction-conference.com/proceedings/DOI/CCC2018-011.pdf
Zeng, Y., and Hesketh, T. (2016). “The effects of China’s universal two-child policy.” The Lancet, 388(10054), 1930-1938. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31405-2
Bock, T. (2015). “The future of construction automation: Technological disruption and the upcoming ubiquity of robotics.” Automation in Construction, 59, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.07.022
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Rongbo Hu, Wen Pan, Thomas Bock
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles in the International Journal of Industrialized Construction are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) license that allows others to download these articles and share them with others with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. The journal articles may not be changed in any way or used commercially.